Respiration

Authors

Affiliations

Nathaniel Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Diaphragmatic breathing

Important to avoid pathologies, such as thoracic outlet syndrome

Muscles related to respiration

Inspiration

Primary

• Diaphragm
• Levator costarum
• External intercostals
• Internal intercostals (ant)

Accessory

• Scaleni
• Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
• Trapezius (UT, MT, LT)
• Serratus Anterior (SA)
• Serratus Posterior Sup/Inf (SP)
• Pectoralis Major
• Pectoralis Minor
• Lat dorsi
• Subclavius

Expiration

Primary

• abs:
  • Internal Obliques (IO)
  • External obliques (EO)
  • Rectus Abdominis (RA)
  • Transverse Abdominis (TA)
• Transverse Intercostal
• Internal intercostal
• Transversus Thoracis

Accessory

• Lat dorsi
• Serratus post inf
• Quadratus Lumborum (QL)
• Iliocostalis lumborum

Dysfunctional Breathing

Stress Breathing